| 陈丹萍.老年肺结核患者营养状况及其影响因素研究[J].上海护理,2022,22(4): |
| 老年肺结核患者营养状况及其影响因素研究 |
| Nutritional status and influencing factors of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 老年患者 肺结核 营养不良 营养摄入 膳食结构 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词:Elderly patients Tuberculosis Malnutrition Nutrition intake Dietary structure Influencing factors |
| 基金项目:上海市肺科医院护理精英人才库(项目编号:HL-A2) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解老年肺结核患者营养状况并分析其影响因素，为临床医护人员实施个体化营养干预方案提供依据。方法 采用一般资料调查问卷、微型营养评定法（MNA）、24小时膳食回顾（连续三天）、食物频率调查（三个月内）、心理状况评估表、社会支持量表、家庭功能评定量表对上海市肺科医院结核科共134例老年肺结核患者进行调查。结果 老年肺结核患者MNA营养评估得分为（19.79±4.89）分，其中存在营养不良的风险及营养不良得分分别为（21.10±0.96）分和（13.42±2.75）分。不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入、经济来源、月医药费用、医疗付费方式、结核确诊时长的患者MNA营养评估单因素分析中，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者的性别、居住情况、患病情况、服药情况、耐药状况的不同，其MNA营养评估单因素分析中，差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示，耐药状况、服药状况、家庭功能状况、营养素摄入量及膳食结构是老年肺结核患者营养状况的重要影响因素。结论 老年肺结核患者的营养状况不容乐观，影响老年肺结核患者营养状况的因素可能与其耐药状况、服药状况、家庭功能状况、营养素摄入量及膳食结构有关。建议临床医生及营养师针对老年肺结核患者营养不良的特点及膳食营养素的摄入状况，尽早采取临床营养管理工作，制定个体化、精准的营养干预方案，给予合理的膳食结构建议，纠正其营养不良，改善营养状况。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the nutritional status of the elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for the implementation of individualized nutrition intervention program for clinical medical staff.Methods A total of 134 elderly patients who were admitted to the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from March 2018 to August 2018,that with pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated by mini nutritional assessment (MNA), 24-hour dietary review (three consecutive days), food frequency survey (within three months), Psychological survey (SAS/SDS), Social support assessment(SSRS), Family function assessmen(FAD).Results The MNA score of 134 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was (19.79±4.89), of which 50 were in good nutritional status (37.3%), 41 were at risk of malnutrition (30.6%) and 43 were malnutrition (32.1%). There was no significant difference in the nutritional assessment of patients with different ages, education, marital status, monthly income, financial sources, monthly medical expenses, medical payment methods, and duration of tuberculosis diagnosis (P>0.05). The difference of sex, residence, illness, medication and drug resistance of patients was statistically significant MNA the single factor analysis of nutritional evaluation (P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug resistance, medication status, family function status, nutrient intake and dietary structure were the important factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly patients with tuberculosis. Conclusion The nutritional status of the elderly patients with tuberculosis is not optimistic. The factors that affect the nutritional status of the elderly patients with tuberculosis may be related to their drug resistance, medication status, family function status, nutrient intake and dietary structure. It is suggested that clinicians and nutritionists should take clinical nutrition management as early as possible, formulate individualized and accurate nutrition intervention programs, give reasonable dietary structure suggestions, correct the malnutrition and improve the nutritional status according to the characteristics of malnutrition and the intake of dietary nutrients of elderly patients with tuberculosis. |
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